The Trang An Landscape Complex, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, has been estimated to have a total economic value of $213 billion.
The information was shared at an international workshop themed “Converting the economic values of the Trang An Landscape Complex and Branding of Broader World Heritage Destination” held in Ninh Binh province from March 5 to 6. The workshop was organised by Ninh Binh’s Department of Tourism in collaboration with the UNESCO Office in Hanoi, the School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Arts (VNU Hanoi), and Xuan Truong Construction Company.
The project is being led by Nguyen Hong Thuc from the School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Arts, and aims to identify the brand value of the heritage site through its economic contributions. By integrating historical, cultural, and natural values and traditional settlements into the overall heritage value, the goal is to develop sustainable development policies.
The School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Arts, in collaboration with the Santagata Foundation for the Economics of Culture (Italy) and the Leibniz Institute for Urban Ecology and Regional Development (Germany), has applied a comprehensive approach and appropriate evaluation methods for the Trang An Landscape Complex. The project assesses both the direct and indirect economic benefits that the Trang An Landscape Complex brings, and considers factors that impact its socioeconomic impacts on residents.
At the workshop, secretary of Ninh Binh’s Party Committee Doan Minh Huan said, “Ninh Binh is keen on the Millennium Heritage City model to preserve natural values and address the challenges of urbanisation, climate change, and the environment. We hope to build a cultural urban model where people live in harmony with heritage and protect and promote heritage values. Ninh Binh is also giving priority to developing a green economy while exploiting heritage resources to expand creative industries, such as heritage parks, amusement parks, film studios, and sports industries.
In the same vein, Jonathan Baker, UNESCO representative and head of office in Vietnam, said, “Since the launch of the Trang An economic valuation project in October 2024, we have made significant progress in translating this vision into action. This study examines the economic contributions of Trang An across four key dimensions, providing a better understanding of the property’s roles in supporting local livelihoods, sustainable land use, and long-term economic resilience. These findings are not only theoretical, but also positively impact policies and strategies that will shape the future of Trang An. The findings are expected to contribute to the global discussion on integrating heritage conservation with sustainable development,” said Baker.
“The way forward for Trang An, as for all heritage sites that are seeking a delicate balance between conservation and development, depends on sustainable development research, inclusive policy innovation, and the shared commitment of all those working towards the future of the heritage,” Baker emphasised.
Pham Quang Ngoc, chairman of Ninh Binh People’s Committee, highly appreciated the collaboration among Vietnam’s leading research groups and prestigious international organisations to implement this research in line with international standards. “The international workshop continues to identify the historical, cultural, economic, and brand values of the Trang An heritage site, thereby reflecting effective preservation and promotion solutions. The findings can contribute to the sustainable development of heritage tourism, affirming the position of the Trang An Landscape Complex and of Hoa Lu-Ninh Binh in the system of global heritage cities. As a pioneer in realising the heritage economy, Ninh Binh is promoting the mixed cultural and natural world heritage brand of Trang An Landscape Complex.”
Ngoc noted, “Trang An boasts the distinct potential and outstanding advantages in terms of nature, history, culture, and geography that have been preserved, protected, and passed down through generations of the Hoa Lu people. As a result, UNESCO recognised the Trang An Landscape Complex as a World Cultural and Natural Heritage Site in June 2014. Today, the Trang An Landscape Complex has been evaluated by UNESCO as one of the most heroic models in the world for the successful combination of economic development and sustainable tourism.”
In particular, the establishment of Hoa Lu city, merging Ninh Binh city and Hoa Lu district, marks a milestone on its journey to becoming a millennium heritage city, in which the Trang An Landscape Complex plays a central role. It demonstrates the inevitable trends of connecting heritage tourism between provinces, regions, and even further, between countries, to create unique values and brands.
The method of assessing the total economic value of heritage was approved with ten core value groups, including entertainment value; Karst dominates; biodiversity value; archaeological value; Trang An special-use forest value; cultural value of communal houses, temples, and pagodas; cultural value of festivals, cultural value of performing arts, and residential land value.
The findings also confirm that heritage tourism is an important economic driver, making a significant contribution to job creation, business revenue, and the development of small-scale industries, services, agricultural production, and the cultural industry. In particular, it shows that the model of ‘heritage leading economic development’ is consistent with the characteristics of the Trang An Landscape Complex.
In terms of settlement and sustainable local livelihoods, the world cultural and natural heritage site covers more than 70 per cent of Hoa Lu city, underscoring its impact on the value of settlement and agricultural land. Based on this economic value, the research proposes recommendations for future urbanisation development policies in the core and buffer zones of the site.
Regarding the heritage economic development scenario, the study also made policy recommendations based on the tremendous potential of the area. This lays a foundation for sustainable economic growth, balancing conservation and development of the tourism and the cultural industries, while ensuring benefits and fairness for local communities in the long term.
These results provide a direction for transforming Hoa Lua into a millennium heritage city. To facilitate this goal, Ninh Binh should focus on the development space of Hoa Lu Millennium Heritage City; a heritage model leading the cultural industry in future economic development; a sustainable indigenous heritage tourism model; residential, agricultural, and forestry land in symbiosis with livelihoods and conservation of traditional settlement heritage; and the conservation of a world heritage site with Asian characteristics, in the context of sustainable urbanisation.
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Stakeholders signed and approved the joint communiqué on the project to convert the economic value of the Trang An World Heritage Site |