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Creating export positions for industrial crop products

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Vietnam had seven agricultural products or groups with export turnover of more than 3 billion USD in 2024. Of which, the industrial crop sector contributes three products: Coffee, 5.4 billion USD; cashew nuts, 4.38 billion USD; and rubber, 3.46 billion USD. In addition, pepper products officially returned to the billion-dollar club after many years of absence, reaching a turnover of 1.3 billion USD.

Currently, the increasing demand of many countries for these products is an opportunity for Vietnam to increase production and export, creating a new position for the industries in the world market.

The main export markets for Vietnam’s industrial crop products are currently the European Union (EU), the US, Japan, and the Republic of Korea. In addition, Vietnam is also expanding exports to Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and India.

Global “heat”

According to the Import-Export Department (Ministry of Industry and Trade), the global pepper supply is currently very scarce, and demand is expected to continue to increase, so Vietnam’s pepper export prices have increased in most major markets since the beginning of the year.

In 2024, Vietnam’s pepper export prices reached a record high with an average price of 5,280 USD per tonne. Of which, black pepper prices reached 5,269 USD per tonne, up 51.4%, and white pepper reached 6,503 USD per tonne, up 29.9% compared to 2023. In the first two months of 2025, pepper exports decreased by 9.4% in volume but increased by nearly 52% in value, reaching 28,000 tonnes at 188.7 million USD.

The main export markets for Vietnamese industrial crop products are currently the European Union (EU), the US, Japan, and the Republic of Korea. In addition, Vietnam is also expanding exports to Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and India.

Hoang Thi Lien, Chairwoman of the Vietnam Pepper and Spice Association, said that Vietnam currently maintains its position as the world’s largest pepper exporter, accounting for about 40% of global output, with key export markets such as the US, EU, India, the Middle East, and China.

In 2025, global pepper output is forecast to continue to decrease compared to 2024, marking the fourth consecutive year of decline since 2022. This will provide conditions to push pepper prices up, so farmers and export enterprises need to take advantage of the opportunity to focus on production, processing, and consumption.

Along with pepper, coffee prices have not shown any signs of cooling down. In February 2025, Robusta coffee prices in the domestic market continued to increase compared to the end of January 2025, ranging from 128,000-129,000 VND per kilogram.

According to the Ministry of Agriculture and Environment, in the first two months of 2025, Vietnam’s coffee exports reached 284,000 tons at 1.58 billion USD, down 28.4% in volume but up 26.2% in value compared to the same period in 2024. The average export price of coffee in the two months is estimated at nearly 5,575 USD per tonne, up 76.3% over the same period in 2024. Germany, Italy, and Japan are the three largest coffee consuming markets of Vietnam.

According to the forecast of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), world coffee output in the 2024/2025 crop year will reach 174.9 million bags, an increase of 6.9 million bags over the same period last year. However, global consumption is expected to increase by 5.1 million bags, reaching 168.1 million bags, while ending inventory is expected to decrease by 1.5 million bags down to 20.9 million bags. This is also the main reason for the heat in demand and the export price of coffee that cannot be reduced in the near future.

Tea harvesting in Gia Nghia City, Dak Nong Povince. (Photo by NGUYEN DANG)
Tea harvesting in Gia Nghia City, Dak Nong Povince. (Photo by NGUYEN DANG)

In addition, rubber products are also forecast to continue to grow strongly in 2025 due to high demand in most countries, especially in the EU region. In recent years, the EU has always maintained its third position in Vietnam’s rubber export market.

In 2024, Vietnam will rank 11th among non-EU markets supplying rubber to the EU, with a volume of 87,164 tonnes, worth 158.65 million USD, up 28% in volume and up 60.7% in value compared to 2023. Vietnam’s rubber market share in total rubber imports to the EU from non-EU markets in 2024 will increase to 3.8%, from 3.2% in 2023.

Meeting requirements of sustainable production and export

According to Phung Duc Tien, Deputy Minister of Agriculture and Environment, the export of agricultural, forestry and fishery products reached 62.5 billion USD in 2024, while the export of industrial crops such as rubber, coffee, cashew, and pepper reached more than 14.5 billion USD, contributing a huge economic value to the whole industry. Currently, the potential for these products is still very large.

However, like many other export goods, the market is increasingly demanding on product quality, especially standards on green and sustainable production, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and protecting the environment. Therefore, Vietnamese enterprises need to pay attention to complying with regulations on origin, product quality, and environmental standards set by the EU.

In addition to meeting new market regulations to bring these products from dominating the market to dominating the market, and creating a new position, it is necessary to pay special attention to trade promotion and diversifying export markets instead of focusing only on a few traditional markets.

Regarding coffee, Nguyen Thi Hoang Thuy, Trade Counsellor of the Vietnam Trade Office in Sweden who is concurrently in charge of the Northern European market, said: “Nordic countries such as Norway, Denmark, and Sweden currently consume the most coffee in the world per capita.

“However, Vietnamese coffee exports to this regional market have not yet met expectations. The reason is that this market is mainly interested in organic coffee and coffee with sustainability certification, typically certifications such as Rainforest Alliance and Fairtrade certification (UTZ).

“Vietnamese businesses should invest in this segment to build brands, enhance the value of national coffee products; thereby having more opportunities to export to many other markets outside of Northern Europe.”

As for pepper products, in addition to the main markets such as the US, Germany, and India, businesses need to pay attention to expanding exports to the Middle East because this is a market with high demand for pepper due to the habit of using spices in cuisine and the development of the food industry.

Notably, under the conditions of the Vietnam-United Arab Emirates (UAE) Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement signed at the end of October 2024, this will be an important premise for Vietnam to promote the export of its strong agricultural products to the Middle East and Africa.

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Vietnam’s Exclusive Economic Zone boasts over 1,000 GW of wind power potential: report

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Vietnam’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) has a wind power potential of 1,068 GW, nearly 470 GW more than previously estimated, according to a report released Friday by the National Center for Hydro-Meteorological Forecasting (NCHMF).

An offshore wind power project in Vietnam. Photo courtesy of VnEconomy.

An offshore wind power project in Vietnam. Photo courtesy of VnEconomy.

The report, titled “Detailed Assessment of Wind Resource Potential in Coastal (up to 6 Nautical Miles) and Offshore Areas in Vietnam,” was conducted by the NCHMF with support from the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the Norwegian Embassy.

This wind potential was measured at a height of 100 meters above sea level, said Mai Van Khiem, director of the NCHMF. He noted that from November to February each year, wind capacity accounts for half of the annual total – peaking in December and gradually decreasing, with the lowest levels recorded in May.

The southern offshore areas account for 894 GW of this potential, while the northern areas contribute 174 GW.

In nearshore zones (up to 6 nautical miles), the total technical wind power potential is 57.8 GW. The Bac Lieu-Ca Mau region alone contributes nearly 30% of this, while the Ninh Thuan-Binh Thuan area accounts for 24 GW. Although the Quang Tri-Hue region has lower potential, it offers stable wind speeds during the winter months. The Red River Delta has a modest potential of 0.17 GW.

Compared to previous assessments, such as the World Bank’s 2021 study and data from the Global Wind Atlas (GWA), this report provides more detailed and higher-resolution information, both spatially and temporally.

“Notably, the EEZ potential outlined in this report exceeds the World Bank’s estimate by 469 GW, primarily due to the broader scope of the survey and more refined climate modeling using domestic observational data,” the research team explained.

They also emphasized the use of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model customized specifically for Vietnam, which enhanced the accuracy of the results.

The findings are based on wind data collected from 26 coastal and island meteorological stations, satellite sources from CCMP, ASCAT, and SCATSAT-1 (covering 30 years of ocean surface wind data), as well as buoy data from Nghe An province and seabed depth measurements.

A key innovation in this report is the integration of potential impacts from extreme weather events. Typhoons and tropical depressions occurring between August and October pose structural and safety risks to wind turbines. Meanwhile, strong winds and high waves during the northeast monsoon season can hinder access to and maintenance of offshore wind systems.

To support model calibration and long-term observation, the research team recommends increased investment in offshore wind monitoring stations at heights exceeding 100 meters. They also suggest incorporating these findings into offshore wind development strategies and national marine spatial planning.

Additionally, the team advocates for expanding research into other forms of marine renewable energy, such as wave, tidal, and ocean thermal energy.

“Vietnam has some of the most promising offshore wind resources in the region, creating a strong foundation for the development of a large-scale offshore wind industry. This will contribute to energy security, green economic growth, and the achievement of net zero commitments,” they said.

The study provides a vital scientific basis for policy planning, identifying priority development zones, attracting investment, building infrastructure, and training the future offshore wind workforce, the team added.

Hoang Duc Cuong, deputy director of the Department of Meteorology and Hydrology, emphasized that Vietnam lies within a strong and stable Asian monsoon belt, giving it abundant wind energy potential. He noted that this renewable source will play a key role in meeting the country’s climate change goals and advancing a low-carbon economy.

However, he also warned that marine-based natural disasters are highly complex and could significantly impact the stability of offshore wind operations and energy generation.

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Uncertainty weighing on real estate

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The ever-changing status of the global economy following last week’s tariff shocks continue to loom large among investors in Vietnam’s real estate market.

Uncertainty weighing on real estate
All real estate segments are at risk of losing appeal if high global tariffs are eventually put in place, photo Le Toan

Pham Lam, vice chairman of the Vietnam Real Estate Association, said that while it is premature to determine the full impact of new US import tariffs on Vietnam’s property market, early signs point to shaken investor sentiment and potential disruptions to foreign investment.

“If multinational corporations scale back or delay their factory expansion plans, the demand for land and factory leasing could decline, which may place downward pressure on industrial rents, lead to increased vacancy, and postpone new industrial zone developments,” he said. “This would affect key industrial property markets such as Bac Ninh, Bac Giang, Haiphong, Long An, and Binh Duong.”

Meanwhile, real estate expert Nguyen Hoang said that the United States remains one of the most critical export destinations for Vietnam’s foreign-invested enterprises.

“Any change in tariffs will significantly influence capital flows, investor confidence, and manufacturing strategies of companies operating in Vietnam. If a high tariff is fully implemented in 90 days, it could seriously diminish Vietnam’s investment appeal – affecting all real estate segments as a result,” Hoang said.

Vietnam’s property market has only recently emerged from a prolonged two-year downturn.

“It remains highly sensitive to economic and policy shocks. Investors have remained cautious, and any further external pressure could threaten to break the fragile liquidity recovery, potentially sending the market back into a period of short-term stagnation,” Hoang added.

Alex Crane, managing director of Knight Frank Vietnam, said that the recent tariff twists by the US casts a shadow of uncertainty, with potential implications for various segments of the market.

While manufacturing has shown resilience, it is still on the path to full recovery from the pandemic, particularly in labour-intensive sectors like garments and furniture. Tariffs imposed now would not have as severe an impact as they might have during Vietnam’s 2019 peak, but consequences are still expected, Crane said.

“I may expect that major transactions, especially those involving large capital outlays, are being paused or undergoing extended due diligence as investors and developers reassess assumptions and underwriting models and commercial occupiers are expected to defer large capital expenditures in the short term,” Crane said.

In addition, the response from the State Bank of Vietnam, particularly regarding monetary policy, will be crucial. While a rate cut may not effectively stimulate residential demand (as demonstrated in 2024), targeted lending for key industries and easing of loan-to-value ratios or debt-to-income limits for developers could provide relief.

“At present, most segments of the real estate market are in a holding pattern, awaiting clarity from the evolving negotiations between the Vietnamese and US governments. While uncertainty is unsettling, Vietnam’s underlying fundamentals remain sound, and the market’s long-term outlook is still viewed positively,” he added.

Nguyen Dung Minh, deputy CEO of MIK Group, has warned that under the new US tariff regime, many investors will be forced to reassess their strategies, likely leading to a decline in the demand for industrial land.

“Investors will need time to re-evaluate their actual demand and incoming orders and make necessary adjustments before they can fully gauge the extent of the impact,” Minh said.

He added that the implications go beyond just industrial land. “The new US tariffs are also expected to disrupt supply chains and negatively affect supporting sectors such as logistics, warehousing, and raw materials manufacturing. As production slows, so too will the demand for land associated with these services,” Minh said.

Trang Bui, country head Cushman & Wakefield Vietnam

While the effects of tariffs are typically delayed, most economists warn that they may eventually fuel inflation and dampen economic growth. Many manufacturing firms could opt to postpone their expansion plans in the short term if export duties become too burdensome. There is also a possibility that some companies may look to diversify their supply chains towards a Vietnam+1 model, shifting parts of their operations to neighbouring countries.

This could lead to a decline in demand for factories and warehouse leasing, two key drivers of the industrial real estate segment. However, it is important to recognise that industrial real estate is fundamentally a long-term investment. Vietnam has long positioned itself as the manufacturing hub of Southeast Asia, thanks to its strategic location and the “bamboo diplomacy” approach, which has enabled the country to swiftly join trade negotiations and sign multiple free trade agreements.

Moreover, many manufacturers in Vietnam have already established tightly integrated supply chains. As such, their investment plans tend to operate on a much longer time horizon than the near-term effects of tariff policy. Relocating supply chains typically requires at least 3–5 years, making short-term shifts less likely.

Overall, Vietnam’s industrial real estate sector has proven resilient under various political and economic conditions. Investors would do well to focus on long-term trends and structural advantages. Manufacturers, in particular, may take this opportunity to secure high-quality industrial assets, invest in automation, and pull in skilled labour, while continuing to monitor developments in upcoming trade negotiations with caution.

Nguyen Thi Bich Ngoc, CEO, Sen Vang Group

When it comes to the reciprocal tariff policy announced by the US, the greater danger currently lies not in the tariff itself, but in the heightened sense of uncertainty it has triggered across the Vietnamese market, a sentiment clearly reflected in recent VN-Index fluctuations.

In the short term, the policy will weigh heavily on Vietnam’s industrial real estate sector. However, in the long run, this challenge could serve as a catalyst for stronger growth. It presents an opportunity for the government and industrial zone developers to rethink their strategies, offering more competitive, attractive solutions to both foreign and domestic investors.

Rather than relying solely on external trends like the China+1 shift, Vietnam should leverage its inherent competitive advantages, including a strategic geographic location, a skilled and cost-effective labour force, and political stability, to pull in long-term investment. These are undeniable strengths that set Vietnam apart.

Moreover, this is also an opportune moment for Vietnam to re-evaluate and restructure its key sectors, prioritising strategic industries with high growth potential. Continued engagement in bilateral and multilateral trade agreements will open up new opportunities and elevate Vietnam’s position both regionally and globally.

Ultimately, we must seize this challenge as a turning point, transforming pressure into momentum for sustainable development.

Vo Hong Thang, Investment director DKRA Group

The industrial infrastructure, commercial, and residential real estate segments are all likely to face increasing headwinds if a huge tariff increase is eventually implemented.

In recent years, a number of developers have made significant investments in industrial zones, betting on a continued influx of foreign direct investment. However, the new tariff policy raises the possibility of such flows being diverted to other countries. Vietnam now faces the risk of having built the nest, but being unable to attract the eagle.

In addition, liquidity in both residential and commercial real estate, including retail, office, and hospitality, is likely to weaken in the short term due to more cautious investor sentiment, defensive capital flows, and reduced purchasing power from end-users.

Niche investment segments such as serviced apartments, tourism-related accommodations, and foreign buyer housing could also see demand drop, particularly as the foreign expert and executive workforce, typically a key demand driver, scales back plans to live and work in Vietnam.

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Central Vietnam city seeks $1.84 bln for 15 projects in economic zone

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Authorities of Hue city in central Vietnam have released a list of 15 projects in Chan May-Lang Co Economic Zone which will need VND47.5 trillion ($1.84 billion) in investment capital between 2025 and 2026.

Chan May-Lang Co Economic Zone in Hue city, central Vietnam. Photo by The Investor/Dinh Duy.

Chan May-Lang Co Economic Zone in Hue city, central Vietnam. Photo by The Investor/Dinh Duy.

Notable projects include the Chan May non-tariff zones No. 1 and 2 infrastructure development project, with a total area of over 503 hectares and combined investment capital of VND2.8 trillion ($108.23 million).

Another is the VND20 trillion ($773 million) Chan May Urban Area project (locations 1 and 2), which will cover 225 hectares and be implemented over five years.

The LNG terminal project at Chan May Port, 27 hectares with an investment of VND8.6 trillion ($332.43 million), is set for five-year implementation.

The 120-hectare Bai Ca eco-tourism project in Lang Co township will have investment capital of VND2.5 trillion.

The Lang Co beach resort, with an area of 45 hectares and total investment of VND4 trillion ($154.62 million), will be carried out over five years; while the 75-hectare Lap An lagoon tourism, urban development and resort complex in Lang Co township will cost VND6 trillion.

According to the management board of Hue Economic and Industrial Zones, since its establishment, Chan May-Lang Co Economic Zone has attracted 55 investment projects which remain valid, with total registered capital of VND97.32 trillion ($3.76 billion).

Among these, 15 are foreign-invested projects with combined capital of VND56.02 trillion ($2.17 billion), accounting for 57.56% of the total.

Several prominent foreign investors have established a presence in the zone, such as Banyan Tree Group (Singapore) with the Laguna Lang Co Resort and Winson Group (Taiwan) with the Billion Max Vietnam Export Processing Factory.

Chan May-Lang Co has become a destination for investments in sectors like tourism and resort development; seaport infrastructure; logistics; clean industry; and high-tech, environmentally friendly industries, with annual revenue reaching nearly VND4 trillion ($154.62 million) and tax contributions of around VND300 billion.

The management board said Hue city has proposed the Ministry of Construction review the adjustment of the EZ master plan through 2045, for submission to the Prime Minister.

The strategic goal is to develop Chan May-Lang Co into a key economic zone of central Vietnam – a coastal gateway offering logistics services for the central region and the East-West Economic Corridor, as well as a hub for high-end tourism services.

To attract investors, the local government will offer a range of incentives such as a 10% corporate income tax rate for 15 years from the first year the project generates revenue; import tax exemption for goods to create fixed assets for investment projects, and land and water surface rental exemptions, the board said.

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