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Creating export positions for industrial crop products

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Vietnam had seven agricultural products or groups with export turnover of more than 3 billion USD in 2024. Of which, the industrial crop sector contributes three products: Coffee, 5.4 billion USD; cashew nuts, 4.38 billion USD; and rubber, 3.46 billion USD. In addition, pepper products officially returned to the billion-dollar club after many years of absence, reaching a turnover of 1.3 billion USD.

Currently, the increasing demand of many countries for these products is an opportunity for Vietnam to increase production and export, creating a new position for the industries in the world market.

The main export markets for Vietnam’s industrial crop products are currently the European Union (EU), the US, Japan, and the Republic of Korea. In addition, Vietnam is also expanding exports to Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and India.

Global “heat”

According to the Import-Export Department (Ministry of Industry and Trade), the global pepper supply is currently very scarce, and demand is expected to continue to increase, so Vietnam’s pepper export prices have increased in most major markets since the beginning of the year.

In 2024, Vietnam’s pepper export prices reached a record high with an average price of 5,280 USD per tonne. Of which, black pepper prices reached 5,269 USD per tonne, up 51.4%, and white pepper reached 6,503 USD per tonne, up 29.9% compared to 2023. In the first two months of 2025, pepper exports decreased by 9.4% in volume but increased by nearly 52% in value, reaching 28,000 tonnes at 188.7 million USD.

The main export markets for Vietnamese industrial crop products are currently the European Union (EU), the US, Japan, and the Republic of Korea. In addition, Vietnam is also expanding exports to Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and India.

Hoang Thi Lien, Chairwoman of the Vietnam Pepper and Spice Association, said that Vietnam currently maintains its position as the world’s largest pepper exporter, accounting for about 40% of global output, with key export markets such as the US, EU, India, the Middle East, and China.

In 2025, global pepper output is forecast to continue to decrease compared to 2024, marking the fourth consecutive year of decline since 2022. This will provide conditions to push pepper prices up, so farmers and export enterprises need to take advantage of the opportunity to focus on production, processing, and consumption.

Along with pepper, coffee prices have not shown any signs of cooling down. In February 2025, Robusta coffee prices in the domestic market continued to increase compared to the end of January 2025, ranging from 128,000-129,000 VND per kilogram.

According to the Ministry of Agriculture and Environment, in the first two months of 2025, Vietnam’s coffee exports reached 284,000 tons at 1.58 billion USD, down 28.4% in volume but up 26.2% in value compared to the same period in 2024. The average export price of coffee in the two months is estimated at nearly 5,575 USD per tonne, up 76.3% over the same period in 2024. Germany, Italy, and Japan are the three largest coffee consuming markets of Vietnam.

According to the forecast of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), world coffee output in the 2024/2025 crop year will reach 174.9 million bags, an increase of 6.9 million bags over the same period last year. However, global consumption is expected to increase by 5.1 million bags, reaching 168.1 million bags, while ending inventory is expected to decrease by 1.5 million bags down to 20.9 million bags. This is also the main reason for the heat in demand and the export price of coffee that cannot be reduced in the near future.

Tea harvesting in Gia Nghia City, Dak Nong Povince. (Photo by NGUYEN DANG)

Tea harvesting in Gia Nghia City, Dak Nong Povince. (Photo by NGUYEN DANG)

In addition, rubber products are also forecast to continue to grow strongly in 2025 due to high demand in most countries, especially in the EU region. In recent years, the EU has always maintained its third position in Vietnam’s rubber export market.

In 2024, Vietnam will rank 11th among non-EU markets supplying rubber to the EU, with a volume of 87,164 tonnes, worth 158.65 million USD, up 28% in volume and up 60.7% in value compared to 2023. Vietnam’s rubber market share in total rubber imports to the EU from non-EU markets in 2024 will increase to 3.8%, from 3.2% in 2023.

Meeting requirements of sustainable production and export

According to Phung Duc Tien, Deputy Minister of Agriculture and Environment, the export of agricultural, forestry and fishery products reached 62.5 billion USD in 2024, while the export of industrial crops such as rubber, coffee, cashew, and pepper reached more than 14.5 billion USD, contributing a huge economic value to the whole industry. Currently, the potential for these products is still very large.

However, like many other export goods, the market is increasingly demanding on product quality, especially standards on green and sustainable production, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and protecting the environment. Therefore, Vietnamese enterprises need to pay attention to complying with regulations on origin, product quality, and environmental standards set by the EU.

In addition to meeting new market regulations to bring these products from dominating the market to dominating the market, and creating a new position, it is necessary to pay special attention to trade promotion and diversifying export markets instead of focusing only on a few traditional markets.

Regarding coffee, Nguyen Thi Hoang Thuy, Trade Counsellor of the Vietnam Trade Office in Sweden who is concurrently in charge of the Northern European market, said: “Nordic countries such as Norway, Denmark, and Sweden currently consume the most coffee in the world per capita.

“However, Vietnamese coffee exports to this regional market have not yet met expectations. The reason is that this market is mainly interested in organic coffee and coffee with sustainability certification, typically certifications such as Rainforest Alliance and Fairtrade certification (UTZ).

“Vietnamese businesses should invest in this segment to build brands, enhance the value of national coffee products; thereby having more opportunities to export to many other markets outside of Northern Europe.”

As for pepper products, in addition to the main markets such as the US, Germany, and India, businesses need to pay attention to expanding exports to the Middle East because this is a market with high demand for pepper due to the habit of using spices in cuisine and the development of the food industry.

Notably, under the conditions of the Vietnam-United Arab Emirates (UAE) Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement signed at the end of October 2024, this will be an important premise for Vietnam to promote the export of its strong agricultural products to the Middle East and Africa.

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S Korean chaebol Hyosung to pour additional $1.5 bln into Vietnam

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Hyosung has decided to invest an additional $1.5 billion in Vietnam, part of the South Korean chaebol’s commitment to envisioning its future for the next 100 years in the Southeast Asian nation.

Bae In Han, general director of Hyosung Dong Nai and the company’s top representative in Vietnam, spoke of the decision while meeting with Vietnamese Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh on Thursday.

Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh (right) meets with Bae In Han, general director of Hyosung Dong Nai, in Ba Ria-Vung Tau province, March 20, 2025. Photo courtesy of the government's news portal.

Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh (right) meets with Bae In Han, general director of Hyosung Dong Nai, in Ba Ria-Vung Tau province, March 20, 2025. Photo courtesy of the government’s news portal.

The fresh investment will fund a biotechnology-based production plant and a carbon fiber factory in the southern province of Ba Ria-Vung Tau, Bae elaborated.

He reiterated the group’s commitment to “put the next 100 years in Vietnam” as the country has a stable and favorable investment environment for business development.

Bae noted that local authorities have actively supported the company, with many issues related to its projects resolved such as import of microorganisms for biotechnology-based production.

However, to ensure smooth operations in Vietnam, Bae proposed that the local government establish a single-window mechanism to quickly resolve legal obstacles for foreign firms. He also made several recommendations regarding tax levels and tax refunds.

PM Chinh, in reply, directed the Ministry of Finance to study and apply current legal regulations, and if there need solutions beyond its authority, the ministry must report to higher authorities, in the spirit that the biotechnology industry needs appropriate incentives.

He suggested Hyosung source biomaterials from Vietnam for its projects.

Before this latest commitment, Hyosung had already invested $4.6 billion in Vietnam, generating $16 billion in revenue in 2023, making it the country’s third-largest South Korean investor.

During his talks with PM Chinh last October, Hyosung Chairman Cho Hyun-joon stated that the conglomerate plans to invest an additional $4 billion in Vietnam. This investment includes funding for the carbon fiber plant and bio-based production factory, both of which are expected to begin construction this year.

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PVI AM and SonKim Capital partner to develop luxury real estate investment

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On March 19, PVI Asset Management Joint Stock Company (PVI AM) and SonKim Capital (SK Capital), a business unit of SonKim Group, officially announced a strategic partnership to develop a range of real estate investment products exclusively for institutional investors and high-net-worth individuals (HNWIs).

The partnership between PVI AM and SK Capital marks a significant milestone in the development of specialised real estate investment solutions, while also opening doors for investors to access Vietnam’s dynamic property market.

PVI AM and SonKim Capital partner to develop luxury real estate investment

The two entities will collaborate to introduce new investment products, including Real Estate Investment Trusts , real estate securities, and other flexible investment structures. This collaboration promises sustainable asset growth opportunities by leveraging the immense potential of Vietnam’s real estate sector.

By leveraging their respective expertise, PVI AM and SK Capital aim to deliver structured investment products that optimise risk-adjusted returns and meet the evolving demands of sophisticated investors.

At the signing ceremony, Trinh Quynh Giao, CEO of PVI AM said, “The synergy between PVI AM’s asset management expertise and SonKim Group’s proven track record in real estate development will create compelling investment opportunities tailored to high-end investors.”

“We expect this collaboration will bring forth investment products that are not only sustainable and transparent but also capable of generating long-term value for our investors.”

PVI AM and SonKim Capital partner to develop luxury real estate investment
Nguyen Hoang Tuan, chairman of SonKim Group, and Jens Holger Wohlthat, chairman of the Board of Directors at PVI Holdings

James Kershek, CEO of SonKim Capital, also expressed his enthusiasm, saying, “SonKim Capital is thrilled to join in this partnership with PVI Asset Management. SonKim Group has long established itself as a premier real estate developer in Vietnam while delivering impressive investment returns to its investors. Now it is time to extend these services to the broader market through this partnership to deliver new and innovative investment solutions.”

PVI AM is a asset management company under PVI Holdings, a leading non-life insurance and financial investment company in Vietnam. PVI AM specialises in providing professional investment solutions for institutional and individual investors, managing a diversified portfolio that includes fixed-income, equities, and alternative investments. With total assets under management and investment advisory exceeding VND16 trillion ($626 million), PVI AM is committed to delivering sustainable value and innovative investment strategies.

SonKim Group, a leading professional real estate developer in Vietnam, is known for high-end projects such as The Metropole Thu Thiem, The 9 Stellars, Serenity Sky Villas, Gateway Thao Dien, Nassim, and JW Marriott Cam Ranh.

PVI AM and SonKim Capital partner to develop luxury real estate investment

In addition to real estate development, SonKim Group also owns and operates retail businesses including GS25 – a lifestyle convenient store platform, fashion brands such as Vera and Jockey, and the ON25 e-commerce platform. Leveraging its extensive capabilities in real estate development and property management, SonKim Group is now expanding into the development of investment products and services tailored for a broader market.

SonKim Capital, a business unit under SonKim Group, specialises in capital raising and creating investment products across industry sectors by extending SonKim Group’s proven internal capabilities in real estate development, retail, and property management to the broader market.

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Vietnam’s railways to attain rise in private participation

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While amendments to the law regarding railways are expected to give domestic and international businesses a legal thumb-ups, it will still take time for the industry to develop fully.

Some domestic companies are looking to produce new rail carriages
Some domestic companies are looking to produce new rail carriages

The National Assembly Standing Committee on March 10 discussed draft amendments to the railway regulations, with supporting policies that are expected to help increase private participation in the industry, improve operation quality, reduce financial pressure on the state, and ensure control over public assets.

The draft adds several regulations to maximise the mobilisation of resources for railway infrastructure development, in which the state budget plays a leading role. It will encourage organisations and individuals to participate in investing in railway infrastructure through many different models, such as build-transfer, build-operate-transfer, leasing, and more.

It also supplements regulations on using land near railway stations to maximise resources for developing railway infrastructure and specifying responsibilities.

Another notable point is regulation on leasing and transferring for a limited period and the right to operate railway infrastructure assets invested in by the state.

Deputy Minister of Construction Nguyen Danh Huy said, “The objective of the draft is to continue institutionalising the Party and state’s policies and guidelines on railway development; solving existing institutional shortcomings and inadequacies, creating new momentum, and encouraging the competitiveness of railway transport.”

The amendment focuses on five important innovations to create a legal corridor for railway development: infrastructure development, infrastructure management and operation, railway transport activities, connections, and industrial and personnel development.

In a study of almost 30 public-private partnership (PPP) railway infrastructure projects worldwide, very few were successful due to large investment capital requirements and difficulties in getting capital return, Huy said.

“Meanwhile, private participation in transport operation, transport services, and value-added service business at stations and around stations have proved effective. Therefore, the draft should have special policies to lure private investment,” he added.

Experts have said that some specific amendments should be added to increase feasibility and enable investors. Prof. Dr. Bui Xuan Phong, former chairman of the Vietnam Railway Transport and Economics Association, said, “It is necessary to propose specific solutions and incentive policies to remove obstacles and accelerate investment in urban railway systems, while ensuring capital support for railway investment, and urban railways in particular.”

Senior railway expert Nguyen Ngoc Dong added that countries around the world mainly invest in high-speed railways for passenger transport, while freight transport is also being exploited in some countries, but not widely.

“High-speed rail investment around the world is mostly in the form of public investment. A few routes are invested in the form of PPP but still need large state support such as support for construction costs or in the form of state payment for operating and maintenance costs to reduce revenue risks for investors,” he said.

He suggested that it was necessary to supplement the draft law with regulations on the role of the state in mobilising resources to prioritise investment in developing high-speed railways, and the responsibility of localities participating in high-speed railway projects.

According to the Vietnam Railway Authority, a number of foreign-invested enterprises and domestic ones are interested in the industry. For instance, last week, a delegation of Chinese businesses worked with the authority on the possibilities of cooperating in railway projects.

Tran Thien Canh, director of the Vietnam Railway Authority, told VIR, “These businesses are interested in the Lao Cai to Haiphong railway, Hanoi to Dong Dang, and others. We are discussing on how we will cooperate.”

The 390-km Lao Cai-Haiphong railway plans to have a total capital of $8.37 billion, connecting nine cities and provinces including the capital of Hanoi. The plan is for it to be completed by 2030.

Also in early March, China Railway Second Bureau worked with authorities in the Central Highlands province of Lam Dong on restoring the historic Dalat-Thap Cham railway, which was constructed between 1908 and 1932 and was known as the world’s first mountain railway.

Guan Huapinh, deputy general director of China Railway Second Bureau, said that the group has carried out many railway and transport projects in 50 countries and territories, and expressed interest in the restoration. “We hope Lam Dong will provide information on the planning related to the railway. After that, we will prepare a feasibility report and make the next steps,” he said.

In 2024, Vietnam Railways received many international business delegations seeking cooperation opportunities in the industry, including operation, maintenance and implementation of railway projects, including the Trans-Asian Railway. They also included Indonesian Railways.

Seeing the potential, domestic private investors are looking to get involved. Specifically, Hoa Phat Steel and THACO are preparing to join the North-South high-speed railway by producing both rails and carriages.

Hoa Phat is prioritising the completion and operation of the Hoa Phat Dung Quat 2 iron and steel complex to ensure stability and will continue to invest in developing high-quality steel products in Dung Quat Economic Zone, aiming to be self-sufficient to supply key projects, of which priority has been given to the North-South high-speed railway.

Meanwhile, THACO has invested heavily, developing an advanced electrical equipment factory, a modern auto glass factory, and a precision mechanical factory to meet domestic and export demand, as well as plans to build high-speed rail carriages.

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